The Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition of 1872-74
The Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition of 1872-74
As late as the second half of the nineteenth century, there was still a vestigial belief that north of the Arctic ice lay a warm "Polar Sea." In 1871, the Austrian government dispatched veteran Arctic explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht to investigate this possibility. As Payer wrote, "Our ideal aim was the north-east passage, our immediate and definite object was the exploration of the seas and lands on the north-east of Novaya Zemlya." The ship chosen was Tegetthoff, a wooden steamship sheathed in iron and named for the nineteenth-century Austrian Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff. With provisions for three years, the ship sailed from Bremerhaven on June 13, 1872. Rounding Norway and sailing into the Barents Sea, on August 20 she became icebound off Novaya Zemlya in 76°22N, 63°3E. By August 1873 she had drifted northwest to 79°43E, 59°33, near the previously unknown Franz Josef Land, a group of islands about 275 miles northeast of Novaya Zemlya. After exploring the islands, which they named for the Austrian emperor, and advancing as far north as 82°5N, on May 20, 1874, Payer and Weyprecht decided to abandon Tegetthoff and sledge back to Novaya Zemlya with the ship's boats. Three months of sledging brought them to the edge of the ice pack in 77°40N. Taking to their boats, they were rescued by the Russian whaleship Nicholas off Novaya Zemlya. Arctic, Franz-Josef Land… In 1872 an Austrian society composed by representatives of Austrian nobility, scientists, politicians and public figures, that sponsored Austrian efforts to conquer the North Pole, organized raising of funds, equipment and outfit for the Arctic expedition headed by lieutenants Julius Payer and Karl Weyprecht. The main goal of the expedition intended to last for 2.5 years was the discovery of the North-East Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. The immediate goal of the expedition, however, was to explore lands and waters of the Arctic Ocean located to the North-East of Novaya Zemlya Island. Being partisans of August Peterman’s hypothesis on “warm”, ice-free waters expanses existing in the Arctic Ocean, Payer and Weyprecht believed to be able to reach the Bering Straits making their way through the Great Siberian Unfrozen Sea supposedly located to the North-East of Novaya Zemlya. “The Tegetthoff” wooden hull steamship of 200 tons displacement, powered with a 100 h.p. engine was specially built for this expedition. On June 1872 the “Tegetthoff” left the German seaport Bremerhafen and headed for Novaya Zemlya. But their hopes to find Barents Sea free of ice proved wrong. As early as on August 21, west off Novaya Zemlya, a bit north of Barents Islands, the “Tegetthoff” was trapped by ice and drifted with the ice fields to the North-West over several months. A year later, on August, 30, 1873, the monotony of life of the ice-bound ship was interrupted by an event of major importance.
“Toward the midday –Julius Payer recalled afterwards – we were standing on the deck, leaning on the ship’s board and staring aimlessly at the mist, that had began to dissipate in some spots. Suddenly the mist dissipated completely in the North-West, and we saw cliffs. In a few minutes we caught an astonishing sight of a majestic mountainous landscape and glaciers, that dazzled us in the sunshine. For a few seconds we stood stunned and couldn’t believe our eyes. Then, overwhelmed by emotions, we burst out crying: “Land! Land!” And we named this unknown land after the Austrian Emperor Franz Josef Land. Only two months later, on November, 1, 1873, when the ice floe, drifting along with ship got frozen to the shore ice, the members of the expedition could land on the shore of a small island south-east of the Franz Josef Land, named in honour of one of the main expedition sponsors – Count Hans Wilchek. The Polar Night that had already set, prevented the expedition from starting exploration of newly found land. The wintering near the Franz Josef Land shores was overshadowed by scurvy. Early in March died of scurvy the machinist Krish. In spring the disease started ceding, due to a successful polar bear hunting. Once the Polar Day had set, the expedition started preparations for sledge trips to explore the Franz Josef Land. The first one took place in the middle of March. Payer got to the Tegetthoff Cape and climbed the Sonklar Glacier on the Galla Island. The air temperature at the top of the glacier was 50 grades below zero. Late in March Payer and 6 other men undertook a long sledge expedition. As they had only three dogs, the sledges were mainly pulled by men. In the course of a month Payer traveled about the Franz Josef Land, collecting rock samples, studying land’s structure and outline, as well as its wildlife. During this expedition the Austrians reached the northernmost part of the Franz Josef Land – the Fligel Cape. But at that time Payer believed that north of the FJL there was another land, that he named Peterman Land. The members of the expedition hoisted the Austrian flag on the Fligel Cape. Early in May Payer along with two other people undertook a travel to the West; in the course of the expedition he found out that the newly found land was of enormous extension in that direction. The explorations carried out by Julius Payer resulted in the first, though rather inaccurate map of the Franz Josef Land. In May 1874 the expedition decided to abandon the ice-caught Tegetthoff and try to reach the Novaya Zemlya shores in the hope of spotting there some whalers or hunting vessel. They got over ice floes handling crowbars and axes, moved on sledges their load or crossed ice-free expanses of water in four boats either paddling with oars or sailing. Only after 96 days of exhausting travel, in the small hours of August 18 the explorers reached the Admiralty Cape of Novaya Zemlya. They were lucky to find on August 24 a group of pomors, Russian Arctic coast dwellers, headed by Fyodor Voronin, that took them on board the schooner Nikolay and took them to Norwegian port of Warde. And from there, the Austrian Polar explorers, after 812 days from the beginning of the expedition returned safely home on September, 3. The results of the expedition did not fill its leaders with much optimism about transportation and hunting or fishing prospects of the Polar seas. Payer considered the North-East Passage impracticable and in any case denied its “commercial value”. Aim: The primary aim of the journey was to navigate the north-eastern passage, its actual purpose was the exploration of parts of sea or land northwest of Nowaja Semlja [Payer]. According to Weyprecht's planning, the North Pole was a secondary target. Result: Discovery in 1873 of Franz-Joseph-Land (a collection of about 85 islands in the Artic Ocean, now a Russina National Park called Zemlya Franc Iosifa).
Timelines:
1872 - 13.June - the "Tegetthoff" leaves Bremerhaven (Geestemünde) 1872 - 3.July - in Tromsö - completion of provision and equipment 30.July - 3.Aug. - locked in the ice for the first time 1872 - 12. (11.) Aug. - meeting of the "Tegetthoff" and the "Isbjörn" ( -> 2.Isbjörn ) 1872 - 13.Aug. - at 76°18' N and 61°17' E - 1 seamile north of the Barents Islands ( at a place called "die drei Särge" ) mooring at the ice edge ( that is about 20 seamiles west of Cape Nassau) 1872 - 15.Aug. - setting up a food depot at the coast of the Barents Islands (this depot will not be used during the retreat 1874) 1872 - 18.Aug. - celebration of the Emperor's Birthday on board of the "Tegetthoff" 1872 - 20. (21.) Aug. - the ships separate - "Isbjörn" starts its journey back and reaches Tromsö on 1.Oct. ( -> 2.Isbjörn ) 1872 - 21.Aug. - "Tegetthoff" is locked in the ice at 76°22' N 62° 3' E north of Nowaja Semlja [acc. to Payer] [76°28' N 61°49' E - diff. source] - drifting with the pack-ice - first to the East - then Wes First winter-over 1873 - 30.Aug. - sighting of land at 79°43' N - 59°33' E - impossible to set foot on it - Payer names the new discovery "Kaiser-Franz-Joseph-Land" 1873 - 31.Oct. - the ship remains frozen in the ice three miles off the shore at 79° 51'N 58° 56'E - 2. (1.) Nov. - taking possession of the land - deposit of a document under a pile of stones Second winter-over 1874 - 10.- 16.March - first sled-journey to the islands 1874 - 16.March - engine-man Krisch dies (burried at Wilczek Island) 1874 - 26.March - 22.April - second sled-journey 1874 - 12.April - Payer reaches the northernmost point of the journey at Cape Fligely at 82° 5' , raises the Austrian flag and deposits a document 1874 - 29.April - 3.May - third sled-journey 1874 - 20.Mai - the ship is abandoned - the journey back starts in 3 boats on sledges. Target: Wilhelms-Island near Nowaja Zemlja 1874 - 14.Aug. - the open sea is reached 1874 - 15.Aug. - first time used the boats in the open sea at 77° 40' N 61° E 1874 - 16.Aug. - Nowaja Zemlja sighted 1874 - 18.Aug. - landed south of the Black Cape at Novaja Semlja (south of the place, where a depot has been set up 1872) 1874 - 23.Aug. - finally sighted a boat in the Dunen-Bay, that brings them to the Russian schooner "Nikolaj" (under captain Feodor Voronin) 1874 - 3.Sep. - the "Nikolaj" arrives at Vardö, Norway - they continue on board the mail-boat "Finmarken" via Tromsö and go on to Hamburg - and at last - after 453 days - on the 25.Sep. - all are back in Vienna - the Tegetthoff is missing until today... End of expedition 1875 - 18.Sep. - 48. Meeting of German scientists and physicians in Graz. Weyprecht reports about the "Basic principles of Arctic research" and makes the suggestion to establish fixed arctic observation stations - these ideas together with those of Georg Neumayer were presented 1879 - to the 2nd international Congress of Meteorologists in Rome and finally ended up 1882 - 83 - in the 1st International Polar Year 1878 - 1879 - Adolf Erik Nordenskjöld (ship: "Vega") is the first to transit the Northeast-Passage The ship named Tegetthoff was constructed in the German port of Bremen using a special new technology to endure extremely low temperatures and dangerous ice pressure (32 m long, 7 m wide, 220 tons).
Financing:
Estimated total costs 175.000 fl. Wilczek made 40.000 fl available for the expedition Emperor Franz Josef granted a subvention of 4.000 fl. in silver Count Franz Salm contributed 20.000 fl. the Geographic Society of Vienna donated 100 fl. k.k. Ministry for Culture and Education gave 3.000 fl. an exhibition of the equipment brought nearly 12.500 fl., etc. Ship: The Tegetthoff was built by Teklenborg & Beurmann in Bremerhaven before 1871. It was a three-mast schooner (barkentine) of 220 tons, 38,34 m / 100 hp / 130 tons of coal; Hull: wood. Comp.: 24. Mach.: steam, 100 hp. It carried food provisions for 2.5 - 3 years.
Crew:
The crew was composed of 24 persons, members of the Austro-Hungarian marine in the Adriatic sea who came from all over Austria-Hungary, especially from Istria and Dalmatia. The crew consisted of 9 Austrians, 1 Hungarian, 1 Moravian Czech, 1 Italian (?), and as many as 12 Istrians and Croats from the Adriatic coast - Rijeka, Cres, Bakar, Volosko, Lovran, Plomin, Mali Losinj, Brac, Hvar. Karl Weyprecht Julius Payer (Note: the names shown in blue font are known to be Istrians) Karl Weyprecht - commander of the ship (from Michelstadt) Julius Payer - leader of the land journeys (from Teplitz) Gustav Brosch - 1.officer (from Komotau, Bohemia) Eduard Orel - 2.officer (from Neutitschein, Moravia) Dr. Julius Kepes - doctor (from Vari a.d. Theiß, Hungary) Elling "Olaf " Carlsen - ice pilot & harpooner (merchant navy captain from Tromsö) Pietro (Petar) Lusina - captain, boatswain (from Cherso) Anton (Ante) Vecerina - carpenter (from Draga near Fiume) Otto Krisch - engine-man, mechanic (from Patschlawitz, Moravia) Josef Pospischil - stoker, fireman (from Prerau) Johann Oratsch - cook (from Graz) Johann Haller & Alexander Klotz - hunter & glacier-guide (from the Passeie Sailors: Antonio (or Josip?) Latcovich / Latkovic (from Fianona) Lorenzo Marola & Pietro Fallesich / Falesic (from Fiume or Bakar?) Antonio Zaninovich / Zaninovic (from Sv. Nedilja on the island of Hvar / Lesina) Antonio Cattarinich / Katarinic (from Lussinpiccolo) Vincenzo (Vicko) Palmich (from Lovrana or Volosko) Giorgio Stiglich / Stiglic (from Bukkarice or Bakar?) Antonio Lukinovich / Lukinovic (from Picisca on the island of Brac / Brazza) Antonio Scarpa (from Trieste) Giacomo (Jakov) Succich or Susic (from Volosca) Franzesco (Fran) Lettis (from Volosca) Narrative In his diary Julius Payer includes Ante Scarpa from Trieste into the Slavonic group, see [Kunicic], p. 40, and according to Kunicic the Croatian crew had 13 members (see p. 2), not 12. Also every Sunday the Croats read parts of Evangel in Croatian (scavet), which belongs to glagolitic tradition, see [Kunicic] p. 38. On Christmas they sang a well known song "U se vrime godista", and remember their customs. The crew had a small library with about 400 books, half of them scientific. Some of the books were in Croatian. There were some objections addressed to Karl Weyprecht, captain of the ship, why he chose so many Croats, instead of Tyrol Austrians. He answered that he counted on endurance, discipline and experience of Croatian mariners, and the fact that they do not drink. Very important for success of this carefully planned and dangerous expedition was the presence of eight dogs. The expedition led to the discovery of Franz Josef's Land in the Arctic. In 1872, when the expedition sailed off from the port of Bremen, weather condition and temperature were particularly severe. A result of ice movement was that the sailboat became wedged in the mass of ice for two years! At that time it was not possible to communicate with the rest of the world as it is today. During these two years the crew, although in extremely difficult situation, performed numerous scientific investigations. The preserved log-book testimonies about very serious and well organized everyday life and work. As the ice moved slowly northward, the mountains emerged, that they named Franz Josef's Land. It had been decided to leave the location of the ship, and carry three auxiliary saving ships on sledges, tugged with dogs and people. In dramatic 800 kilometers that they covered mostly on foot under very difficult conditions, they discovered numerous new interesting places. So today we have places like the Cape of Fiume (= the town of Rijeka, on Croatian litoral), and the Cape of Klagenfurt (a town in Austria). One of participants of this adventure was Eling Carlson from Norway, connoisseur of northern seas. Unfortunately, one member of the crew died of an illness: Oton Kriz from Moravia (today in Czechia). After about two years of stay in the Arctic the ship Tegetthoff was left by the whole crew in the ocean of ice, and 23 people set off back to Europe in three small saving ships. For almost three months people and dogs had to tug boats on sledges, and then during next nine days they had to row until they finally met two Russian fishing boats near Novaya Zemlya. As stated in [Kunicic], p. 122, there is no king in the world that would be accepted with such hospitality and joy as those totally exhausted people were accepted by Russian mariners. It is very probable that Croatian mariners were able to communicate with Russians, since Croatian and Russian languages are relatively close. Among all members of the expedition only Petar Lusina (from the island of Cres) knew Russian. Besides his native Croatian, he also spoke English, French and Italian. Members of the expedition learned many news that have happened in Europe during two and a half years of their expedition. The two boats took them to Vardoe in Norway, for which Russian mariners have sacrificed four days of their fishing, plus four days for the return. Upon successful arrival to Europe, with help of Russian and Norwegian navy, members of expedition reached Hamburg. In Vienna a glorious welcome was organised, and all of them obtained honorary citizenship in the Austrian-Hungarian state. A grand "banchetto" was organized in the Istrian town of Volosko near Rijeka. The overall expenses were such that the expedition ended with +17.61 forints, which we know from a very detailed and pedantic final account. Among numerous financial supporters of this daring exploit was Dora Pejacevic, a Croatian composer. It is interesting that experiences of this expedition were important in the preparation of Amundsen's expedition to Arctic about 30 years later. While now classified as Croatians, Croatian descent of half of the crew was not mentioned in the existing literature available in German, English, and Italian. The expedition was described by Eugen Kumicic, himself an Istrian. It is also worth mentioning that in 1882, as a part of the First International Geophysical Year, another very ambitious and successful expedition had been organized to the region of Greenland (in the part which is north of Island). Also in this case, in the crew composed of 12 half of them were Croats.
Their names are:
Ivan Samanic Josip Baretincic Anton Mikacic Anton Lukinovic Jakov Succic Tomas Diminich References: Das Tagebuch des Maschinisten Otto Krisch Österreichisch-Ungarische Nordpolexpedition von 1872 bis 1874 Hrsg.: Egon Reichhardt (Leykam Verlag 1973) [Payer & Weyprecht] Die Österreich-Ungarische Nordpol Expedition In den Jahren 1869-1874 Julius Payer (A. Hölder,Wien 1876 ) FRANZ-JOSEFS-LAND -.-: ÖSTERREICHISCHE NATIONALBIBLIOTHEK: 100 Jahre Franz-Josefs-Land. Zur Erinnerung an die Entdeckungsreise der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Nordpol-Expedition 1872-1874 unter Julius von Payer und Carl Weyprecht. Katalog der Ausstellung 1973. Mit 24 Taf. Wien, o.V., 1973. Okart., g.e. XII, 128 pp. Franz Josef's Land Petar Kunicic, Hrvati na Ledenom moru, putovanje po sjeveru s hrvatskim mornarima, po izvjescu Julija Payera (pretisak iz 1893.g.), Dom & Svijet, Zagreb, 1994. (Petar Kunicic was a teacher on the island of Vis) Bibliography: http://www.hr/darko/etf/arctic.html Ships of the World, An Historical Encyclopedia - Tegetthoff Arctic Research Consortium, Austria - History of the Austrian Polar Exploration - History Poseidon Arctic Voyages - History of Discoveries
Komentáře
Přehled komentářů
https://vk.com/@-193482295-naked-girl-modell-fr-monster-energy
https://vk.com/@-191122125-dating-someone-whos-never-been-married
https://vk.com/@-192847683-powerpuff-mdchen-sex-xxx
https://vk.com/@-194149625-best-sex-positions-that-are
https://vk.com/@-192826167-mdchen-von-gator-boys-nackt-nackt-foto
https://vk.com/@-191124569-nackte-chinesische-mdchen-selbst-abholen
https://vk.com/@-193482998-kostenlose-schwule-pornos
https://vk.com/@-193889527-rothaarige-fotzen
https://vk.com/@-194019031-big-nipples
https://vk.com/@-192817766-nake-girls-in-verschiedenen-posions
https://vk.com/@-192719087-celbe-gate
https://vk.com/@-191122564-teen-seide-hschen-sex
https://vk.com/@-193498663-melanie-mller-muschi
https://vk.com/@-192849200-deutsche-porno-hamster
https://vk.com/@-193493522-nippel-saugen-porn-gifs-nude-gallery
https://vk.com/@-192696628-nepali-sex-und-heien-kuss-movi
https://vk.com/@-192719087-blonde-haare-blaue-augen-porno
https://vk.com/@-193882691-wwwsexysat
https://vk.com/@-191124569-arsch-teen-besten-jemals-wei
https://vk.com/@-191122468-slutty-junge-dame-porno
https://vk.com/@-192850016-sexy-durchtrainierten-nackten-mdchen
https://vk.com/@-194018711-sexy-rothaarige-frauen
https://vk.com/@-192719492-nackte-frauen-die-sexuell-erregt
https://vk.com/@-192833607-nackte-girls-teen-self-arsch
https://vk.com/@-193492380-nackte-mdchen-fingern-sich-porn-hub
https://vk.com/@-191122564-zierlich-ficken
https://vk.com/@-191122564-fillipinos-mit-groen-titten-cowgirl-position
https://vk.com/@-192851817-romantisches-bild-von-kussen-und-ficken
https://vk.com/@-193889113-zwei-schwnze-in-der-fotze
https://vk.com/@-191121572-nackte-frauen-oral-sex
https://vk.com/@-193889889-ehe-porn
https://vk.com/@-191122056-bilder-von-einem-mdchen-nass-schritt
https://vk.com/@-191121707-sibirien-dating
https://vk.com/@-191122947-arsch-loch-art-nude
https://vk.com/@-191122564-emo-girl-nackt-fingersatz
https://vk.com/@-191121572-chubby-teen-hausgemacht
https://vk.com/@-192696628-brasil-nackt-mdchen-strand
https://vk.com/@-191120947-xx-strand-sex-gif
https://vk.com/@-192700042-cute-girl-nackt-auf-dem-boden
https://vk.com/@-191123853-bild-des-hsslichen-armenischen-mdchen
https://vk.com/@-191122305-nackte-girls-beauty-contest
https://vk.com/@-191124409-amatuer-milf-cream-oral-kissing
https://vk.com/@-191122125-nude-hot-gebrunt-teen-sex
https://vk.com/@-193482068-exotischen-mdchen-gefickt
https://vk.com/@-192832128-sexy-heie-teen-girl-models-strippen
https://vk.com/@-191123934-lightskin-madchen-nackt-sex-videos
https://vk.com/@-192698037-besten-deutschen-pornos
https://vk.com/@-191121327-nasse-votze-ficken
https://vk.com/@-191124569-frauen-kacken
https://vk.com/@-193494229-tr-sex-hot-russian-nude-galerie
Правельный выбор
(Bramon naits, 9. 4. 2020 11:37)As a rule, having asked a question of installation of a ladder in the house, owners don't assume that the ladder and its protection are two absolutely different products. Well, if the same company, like us, is engaged in the arrangement of turnkey facilities and can offer to make a ladder and metal fences on it in one set, but in practice it is rare. Therefore, before any owner of the stairs in the house the question arises: how to make it safe, we guarantee the best conditions for cooperation thanks to our own production, high potential design office and focus on long-term mutually beneficial partnership. Here you can buy not only standard fencing for stairs, but also design, made to order and is amazingly cheap. New construction technologies, developing rapidly, allow to use light, modern, reliable and weightless structures. Stair railings made of stainless steel are such that the price thereof is acceptable. Railings made of reliable material: an important structural element, part of the design of the building, the guarantors of safety and easy descent and ascent the stairs. Protections for ladders which are offered by our company differ in reliability, resistance to various aggressive influences and faultless appearance. In addition, their manufacture takes into account all kinds of standards and requirements relevant to this group of products. It is difficult to imagine a building in which there will be no stair railings, the presence of which increases the convenience, safety when moving. Note that today for the manufacture of construction offers a large selection of elements with which it is possible to quickly perform the installation of the structure, which for many years will last without losing the original qualities. Manufacturing and installation of stainless steel stairs is inexpensive compared to designs from other materials with equal quality characteristics. However, stainless steel is much more popular material-it is easy to handle, combine with other materials, install and care for the finished product
Eskadron -- new loved by horse riders all around the whole world
(CyberXber, 31. 3. 2020 5:48)
Eskadron is one of the most appreciated high-street manufacturers on the world that focuses on the production of top quality design clothing and equipment. This Italian concern has been set by Pikeur wanting to fulfill with the jockeys' demands, have been looking for professional but also fashionable equestrian accessories. Thus, what makes Eskadron therefore special and why their selections are so popular with passengers?Eskadron -- why would bikers from all around the world love this new brand?
Eskadron is extremely popular with horseriding fans for a dozen or more years now. This brand's products are characterized by their own top quality attention for detail. Eskadron can be appreciated for their exceptional practicality, elegance, innovativeness of their projects, modern layout, and availability. The brand's offer includes both professional ones and items for recreational riders. Thus, you'll discover basic design clothes, professional design, and various accessories necessary for your proper saddling of a horse. Eskadron offers saddle cloths, halters, rugs, bell boots for horses, boots, fly vases, drapes, but additionally hoodies, t-shirts, breeches, also show jackets. These products come from the European Union, which additionally verifies their quality.Eskadron's collections
Eskadron has many collections. Many are seasonal, many others are always available in their deal. The most popular collections of this brand are:
Vintage Sports - established twice per calendar year, this lineup is composed only of horse riding equipment. Services and products using this collection are extremely simple, in conventional soft colours but at precisely the same time very elegant.
Platinum Card - launches once annually for people who enjoy conventional solutions. You'll mostly find black and gray colors together with delicate graphic motifs.
Young Star - lineup for children that begin their adventure with horse riding. It's basic horseriding accessories in bright colours and exceptional designs.
Equestrian Fanatics - clothing line designed for riders that like to stick outside. Available jackets, hoodies, and backpacks successfully combine casual clothing with equestrianism.
Classic offer - Their steady offer of clothing, equipment, and accessories. You can find products used for training and regular rides but also elegant reveal clothing.
Eskadron can be a fresh used by riders from all around the globe. For the relaxation of riding and safety both yours and your horse's, it is worth purchasing high-quality articles, which may allow you to fully enjoy this sport that is exceptional.
forex demo account investopedia
(Forexmic, 9. 3. 2020 6:47)
forex pip alerts signals service https://currency-trading-brokers.com/forex-comparisons-ratings-reviews-united-kingdom-australia-new-zealand.html
can forex trading be profitable
(Forexmic, 9. 3. 2020 2:01)
forex.com broker review https://currency-trading-brokers.com/forex-comparisons-ratings-reviews-united-kingdom-australia-new-zealand.html
PhuketTravels.ru - Экскурсии на Пхукете
(Karlraw, 23. 2. 2020 7:09)
На улице зима, а на солнечном Пхукете тропический рай. Если вы любитель понежиться на пляже, посидеть в тени пальм, насладиться необычайной тайской кухней, то вам прямая дорога в Юго-Восточную Азию.
Разнообразные предложения пестрят в интернете и зазывают на живописное побережье Адаманского моря. Глаза разбегаются и трудно принять правильное решение. В таком случае верным помощником окажется сайт https://phukettravels.ru Открыв страничку, можно познакомиться с лучшими экскурсионными турами в Тайланде на острове Пхукет по самым привлекательным ценам. Если любовь к морю перекрывает все остальные интересы, то можно выбрать прогулку на яхте, катере, лодке. Промчаться по волнам на серфинге, окунуться в морские глубины с аквалангом. Коралловые острова оставят неизгладимый след в памяти.
Для любителей древностей Азиатского региона будут интересны экскурсии к памятникам старины и истории, к храмам и в старинные города. Активный отдых представлен гонками на квадроциклах, спортивных байках, походами в джунгли, подъемом в горы. Здесь же можно познакомиться с богатой природой и обычаями местных жителей. В большом выборе всегда можно ошибиться, но PhuketTravels.ru поможет выбрать идеальный вариант в зависимости от предпочтений и материальных возможностей.
GunsBet Casino (ГансБет Казино)
(RonaldLem, 2. 2. 2020 0:24)GunsBet Casino (ГансБет Казино) https://gunsbet.xyz/ Официальный сайт играть онлайн бесплатно или на деньги
Regards, I enjoy it!
(GoodBudCrope, 18. 12. 2019 22:28)
My brother recommended I would possibly like this web site. He was once entirely right. This submit truly made my day. You can not consider just how a lot time I had spent for this info! Thank you!
Very good facts, Cheers!
You actually reported this effectively.
(KupavatCrope, 16. 12. 2019 8:56)
Hurrah, that's what I was searching for, what a information! present here at this webpage, thanks admin of this web page.
With thanks! I appreciate it.
Adbot only forward
(AdbotCrope, 14. 11. 2019 22:39)
hi!,I like your writing so so much! share we communicate more about your post on AOL? I need a specialist on this house to unravel my problem. Maybe that is you! Having a look ahead to see you.
Thanks! I enjoy this!
adbot
You expressed it exceptionally well.
(KupavatCrope, 7. 11. 2019 12:01)
What's up everybody, here every person is sharing these kinds of familiarity, so it's good to read this website, and I used to pay a quick visit this webpage everyday.
You actually revealed that adequately!
Kudos, Ample content.
(KupavatCrope, 7. 11. 2019 11:43)
Hmm is anyone else experiencing problems with the images on this blog loading? I'm trying to determine if its a problem on my end or if it's the blog. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
Valuable stuff, With thanks.
Adbot only forward
(AdbotCrope, 6. 11. 2019 20:34)
Hello, its nice piece of writing regarding media print, we all understand media is a great source of facts.
Really a good deal of excellent tips.
adbot
teefDyep
(Ralphaudiz, 6. 11. 2019 5:45)
https://vk.com/@-187620997-sexy-girl-steckt-sich-den-dildo-in-ihre-mse
https://vk.com/@-187475098-lesbische-negerinnen-reiben-sich-zgellos-ihre-blanken-msen
https://vk.com/@-187473921-die-beiden-geilen-gay-typen-poppen-miteinander
https://vk.com/@-187657367-beim-scharfen-gruppensex-nagelt-ein-stecher-tropfende-spalte
https://vk.com/@-187180610-strapon-movies-geile-dessous-sexfilme
https://vk.com/@-187473008-downblouse-upskirt-tease-sex-photo
https://vk.com/@-187473990-strammer-pimmel-wird-geil-von-einer-milf-mit-dicken-glocken
https://vk.com/@-187657318-hitching-hiking-teen-sex-vids-nude-gallery
https://vk.com/@-187473073-notgeile-herrin-mit-mega-brsten-beim-extremen-ficken
https://vk.com/@-187473008-alt-bumst-jung-porno-voyeur-sexfilme
https://vk.com/@-187473337-mit-ihren-hnden-reibt-das-hbsche-fotzenluder-den-schwanz-har
https://vk.com/@-187657076-best-oral-sex-position
https://vk.com/@-187474083-chubby-fuck-vid
https://vk.com/@-187180610-heier-solofick-eines-sen-geilen-girls
https://vk.com/@blvck.music-beim-ficken-steht-die-rattige-bitch-auf-natursekt-spiele
https://vk.com/@-187474083-nach-dem-vgeln-werden-die-huren-noch-mit-der-ficksahne-bespr
https://vk.com/@blvck.music-dicke-schwnze-porno-schwarze-sexfilme
https://vk.com/@-187657318-geile-amateur-blondine-wird-von-einem-schwarzen-schwanz-gefi
https://vk.com/@-187473073-pics-of-naked-girls-taking-off-clothes-porn-archive
https://vk.com/@-188078829-best-position-for-small-dicks
https://vk.com/@-187657429-milf-mit-xxl-eutern-wird-in-den-arsch-gebumst
https://vk.com/@-187475098-running-in-the-snow-naked-adult-videos
https://vk.com/@-187475098-rattige-bi-fickgirls-rammeln-beim-gruppensex
https://vk.com/@-187475263-tit-sucking-teens-pic-nude-photos
https://vk.com/@-187657318-lesben-mit-xxl-mpsen-bumsen-sich-mit-einem-toy
https://vk.com/@-187475263-pink-naked-on-stage
https://vk.com/@-187620906-hot-redhead-maid-nnaked-naked-photo
https://vk.com/@-187620997-teen-cute-erotic-photo
https://vk.com/@-187473008-busty-german-school-girls-nude
https://vk.com/@-187180610-mit-dem-sextoy-befriedigt-sich-die-heie-schlampe-selbst
https://vk.com/@-188078770-redheads-freckles-chubbies
https://vk.com/@-187657076-eine-ltere-schlampe-fickt-sich-mit-einem-roten-spielzeug
https://vk.com/@-187474083-hbsche-blondine-fickt-sich-die-gierige-rosette-mit-dem-ddel
https://vk.com/@-188078630-wet-tight-pants-porno
https://vk.com/@-187473990-geiles-teenie-mit-einer-blanken-muschi-saugt-den-pint
https://vk.com/@-188078829-lick-it-up-album-cover
https://vk.com/@-188078770-lesbian-scissors-orgasm-videos
https://vk.com/@-187657076-eine-spermageile-blonde-schlampe-wird-in-die-nasse-fotze-gen
https://vk.com/@-188078443-jack-off-parties-hot-nude
https://vk.com/@-187474083-college-girls-fucking-naked-pics-and-galleries
https://vk.com/@-187620997-cute-teen-short-hair-she-deep-throated-adult-videos
https://vk.com/@-186512449-naked-chinese-old-girl-pics-and-galleries
https://vk.com/@-187657429-bildhbsche-hure-blst-einen-stolzen-penis
https://vk.com/@-187473008-glitschige-schlampe-gebunden-auf-dem-gynokologenstuhl
https://vk.com/@-188078536-natasha-malay-girl-naked
https://vk.com/@-188078687-young-nobs-fuckin-young-pussys
https://vk.com/@-187657367-naked-photos-of-teens-xxx-photo
https://vk.com/@-187473073-schne-verdorbene-weiber-kosten-ihre-fotzen-gegenseitig
https://vk.com/@-187475098-wunderschne-verkommene-gre-blst-einen-pimmel
https://vk.com/@-188078656-blackgirl-caught-by-mom
Really many of amazing advice.
(KupavatCrope, 5. 11. 2019 12:23)
Now I am ready to do my breakfast, once having my breakfast coming over again to read other news.
Amazing material, With thanks.
Cheers! A lot of forum posts!
(KupavatCrope, 5. 11. 2019 12:03)
Everything is very open with a very clear clarification of the challenges. It was truly informative. Your site is useful. Thank you for sharing!
You've made your position very clearly!.
Amazing data, With thanks!
(KupavatCrope, 3. 11. 2019 16:55)
Hi, I do think this is a great web site. I stumbledupon it ;) I will return once again since i have book marked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide others.
Thanks a lot! Fantastic information!
You said it adequately. !
(KupavatCrope, 3. 11. 2019 14:23)
Thank you a bunch for sharing this with all folks you really recognize what you are speaking about! Bookmarked. Kindly also discuss with my web site. We may have a link exchange agreement between us
Tips very well applied! !
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100
teefDyep
(Davidtoomy, 24. 4. 2020 11:11)